Instrumentation and Process Control , Technical Training and Education For Instrument Technicians

Displacer/Level Savage Level Transmitter or some other lightness level transmitter utilizes the impact of lightness. When the displacer is submerged into the cycle liquid, the lightness impact will make the displacer lighter than the non inundated displacer. Change of displacer weight identified by the sensor (Force tube or LVDT) and afterward converted into the liquid level. Before we adjust the displacer level transmitter, we should mindful that the transmitter has been set at the industrial facility according to deal with liquid explicit gravity, while we will involve water as alignment liquid. When the displacer is worked by utilizing genuine cycle liquid, it will show 4 Mama at zero levels (Displacer not submerged into liquid) and 20 Mama at a significant level (displacer completely inundated into the liquid.) In this way before we align the transmitter, we want to compute the comparability of lightness impact on the off chance that we use water for adjustment as opposed to utiliz

  An orifice plate is a thin, flat plate with a hole in the center that is placed in a pipeline to measure the rate of fluid flow. When fluid flows through the orifice plate, the pressure drop across the plate can be used to calculate the flow rate. Orifice plates are commonly used in industrial applications to measure the flow rate of liquids, gases, and steam in pipelines. They are widely used in process industries such as chemical, oil and gas, and power generation to monitor and control fluid flow rates. There are several types of orifice plates, including: Concentric Orifice Plate: This type of orifice plate has a circular hole in the center of the plate, which is placed in the center of the pipeline. Eccentric Orifice Plate: This type of orifice plate has a circular hole that is off-center in the plate, which allows for the measurement of fluid flow in partially filled pipelines. Segmental Orifice Plate: This type of orifice plate has a segmental opening, which is useful f

  To identify an orifice plate in a pipeline, you can follow these steps: Look for a flange on the pipeline. The orifice plate is usually installed between two flanges, which allows for easy installation and removal. Once you locate the flanges, look for a thin plate with a circular or segmented opening in the center. This is the orifice plate. Check the size of the orifice plate opening. The size of the opening determines the flow rate measurement range of the orifice plate. The size of the orifice plate opening is typically specified in the engineering documentation or the nameplate attached to the orifice flange. Check for pressure taps on either side of the orifice plate. These taps allow for the measurement of the pressure drop across the orifice plate, which is used to calculate the fluid flow rate. Check the orientation of the orifice plate. The orientation of the orifice plate must be correct for accurate flow measurement. The orientation can be checked by looking for an arrow

  The different types of orifice plates are : 1. Concentric. 2. Segmental. 3. Eccentric. CONCENTRIC : The concentric orifice plate is used for ideal liquid as well as gases and steam service. This orifice as a hole in concentric and hence known as concentric orifice. Eccentric & Segmental : The accentric orifice plate has a hole eccentric. The use this is made in viscous and sherry flow measurement. The segmental orifice place has the hole in the form segment of a circle. This is used for colloidal and sherry flow measurement.

  The primary elements used for flow measurement are : 1. Orifice Plate. 2. Venturi tube. 3. Pitot tube. 4. Annubars. 5. Flow Nozzle. 6. Weir & Flumes. 

There are numerous process variables in different processes, and their units of measurement can vary depending on the process and industry. However, some common process variables and their units of measurement are: Temperature - The degree or intensity of heat in a process. It is measured in Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K). Pressure - The force exerted by a fluid or gas on a surface per unit area. It is measured in units such as pounds per square inch (psi), kilopascals (kPa), or bars. Flow rate - The volume or amount of fluid or gas that flows through a process per unit time. It is measured in units such as liters per minute (L/min), cubic meters per hour (m3/h), or gallons per minute (GPM). Level - The height or depth of a fluid in a container or vessel. It is measured in units such as millimeters (mm), centimeters (cm), or inches (in). pH - The acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most a

  The process variable is an essential concept in process control and refers to the measurable quantity or condition that is being controlled or manipulated in a given process. It is an essential component of any feedback control system, which is designed to adjust a process's input parameters to achieve a desired output. The process variable can be any measurable quantity that is relevant to the process, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, pH, humidity, or concentration. It is typically measured by sensors or other instrumentation and is fed back to the control system for analysis and adjustment. In a feedback control system, the process variable is compared to a set point or target value, which represents the desired value of the variable for the given process. The control system then calculates an error signal based on the difference between the process variable and the set point and uses this signal to adjust the input parameters of the process. For example, consider a pr

There are a wide variety of instruments used in plants, ranging from simple mechanical devices to sophisticated electronic systems. The type of instrument used will depend on the specific application and the level of accuracy required. Some common instruments used in plants include: Pressure gauges: These are used to measure the pressure of fluids or gases in a system. They typically consist of a dial that displays the pressure reading and a needle that indicates the pressure level. Flow meters: These are used to measure the flow rate of liquids or gases in a system. They typically consist of a mechanical device that measures the flow rate and displays the reading on a dial. Temperature sensors: These are used to measure the temperature of fluids or gases in a system. They typically consist of a thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector (RTD) that produces an electrical signal proportional to the temperature. Level sensors: These are used to measure the level of liquids or soli

Instrumentation refers to the use of various tools, equipment, and techniques to measure, control, and monitor different processes in various fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. The field of instrumentation is constantly evolving with the advancement of technology, leading to the development of new and improved instruments. In this 1000-word article, we will discuss the various types of instruments used in different fields, their functions, and the recent advancements in instrumentation technology. Types of Instruments There are various types of instruments, each with its unique function and application. Some of the commonly used instruments include: Analytical Instruments: Analytical instruments are used to analyze different substances to determine their composition and properties. These instruments are used in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and medicine. Some examples of analytical instruments include spectrophotometers, chromatographs, and mass s