What is pressure transmitter and what is working principle of pressure transmitter and how to configuration and calibration



A pressure transmitter is a device used to measure and transmit the pressure of a fluid, gas or steam in a process. It is commonly used in various industries such as oil and gas, chemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and water treatment plants. The working principle of a pressure transmitter is based on the measurement of a pressure-induced deformation of a sensing element. This deformation is then converted into an electrical signal, which is proportional to the applied pressure.



Working Principle of Pressure Transmitter:


A pressure transmitter consists of a sensing element, a signal conditioning circuit, and a transmitter output. The sensing element is typically made of a material that deforms when exposed to pressure. The most common materials used in sensing elements are strain gauges, piezoelectric materials, and capacitive materials.


The strain gauge is the most commonly used sensing element in pressure transmitters. It consists of a thin metal foil that is bonded to a flexible diaphragm. When pressure is applied to the diaphragm, it deforms, causing the metal foil to stretch or compress. This change in the length of the metal foil results in a change in its electrical resistance, which is proportional to the applied pressure. This resistance change is then converted into an electrical signal by a Wheatstone bridge circuit.


The piezoelectric sensing element generates an electrical charge in response to mechanical deformation. When pressure is applied to the sensing element, it deforms and generates a voltage, which is proportional to the applied pressure.


The capacitive sensing element consists of two parallel plates separated by a dielectric material. When pressure is applied to the sensing element, the distance between the plates changes, resulting in a change in capacitance. This change in capacitance is then converted into an electrical signal.


Configuration and Calibration of Pressure Transmitter:


The configuration of a pressure transmitter involves setting the measurement range, output signal, and other parameters. This is done using a configuration software or a handheld device connected to the transmitter.


Calibration of a pressure transmitter is the process of adjusting the output signal of the transmitter to match the actual pressure being measured. Calibration is typically done using a reference pressure gauge or a deadweight tester. The calibration process involves the following steps:


1. Set up the calibration equipment: The reference pressure gauge or deadweight tester is connected to the pressure transmitter.


2. Apply a known pressure: A known pressure is applied to the transmitter and the output signal is recorded.


3. Compare the output signal to the reference: The output signal is compared to the reference pressure gauge or deadweight tester reading.


4. Adjust the transmitter output: If there is a difference between the transmitter output and the reference pressure, the transmitter output is adjusted until it matches the reference pressure.


5. Record the calibration data: The calibration data, including the pressure applied, output signal, and adjustment, is recorded for future reference.


In summary, a pressure transmitter is a device used to measure and transmit the pressure of a fluid, gas, or steam in a process. The working principle of a pressure transmitter is based on the measurement of a pressure-induced deformation of a sensing element. Configuration and calibration of a pressure transmitter involve setting the measurement range, output signal, and other parameters, and adjusting the output signal to match the actual pressure being measured.

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